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小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)大全

小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)大全

  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)大全

  在現實(shí)學(xué)習生活中,大家對知識點(diǎn)應該都不陌生吧?知識點(diǎn)是知識中的最小單位,最具體的內容,有時(shí)候也叫“考點(diǎn)”。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識點(diǎn),下面是小編整理的小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)大全,歡迎閱讀與收藏。

  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)1

  一、現在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法

  主語(yǔ)在句首,am is are 跟在后,

  現在分詞跟著(zhù)走,其他成分不可丟。

  表示動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行,句中now時(shí)間定。

  一般問(wèn)句,把be提到句前去。

  否定句式也簡(jiǎn)單,be后只把not添。

  二、特殊疑問(wèn)句用法。

  What用途廣,要問(wèn)“什么”它當先。(What's this?)

  How開(kāi)頭來(lái)“問(wèn)安”。(How are you?)

  Who 問(wèn)“誰(shuí)”。(Who's that man?)

  “誰(shuí)的”Whose來(lái)承擔。(Whose eraser is this?)

  詢(xún)問(wèn)“某地”用Where。(Where is her cat?)

  “哪一個(gè)”which句首站。(which one?)

  三、動(dòng)詞加-s或-es方法歌訣

  動(dòng)詞三單現在式,一般詞尾加-s。

  s,x,ch,sh在詞尾,直接加上-es。

  詞尾若是字母o,加上-es不用愁。

  “輔音字母+y”來(lái)結尾,變y為i是正規。

  -es后邊緊跟隨,study——studies看明白。

  四、“be going to”的用法口訣

  be going to,表打算,準備、計劃將干。

  表可能,有必然,通過(guò)現象來(lái)推斷。

  使用它,要注意,疑問(wèn)形式be提前。

  否定句,更簡(jiǎn)單,not放在be后邊。

  to之后,動(dòng)原型,be的形式看人稱(chēng)。

  下列詞,要注意,come go 和離去(leave)

  進(jìn)行時(shí),表將來(lái),牢牢記住莫忘記。

  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)2

  一、形容詞性物主代詞。

  1、形容詞性物主代詞8個(gè):

  My、your、his、her、its、our、your、their

  我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我們的、你們的、它(他、她)們的

  2、形容詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn):

  ①譯成漢語(yǔ)都有“的”eg:my 我的 their 他們的

  ②后面加名詞:eg:my backpack his name

  ③前后不用冠詞 a an the

  This is a my eraser(錯誤)

  That is your a pen(錯誤)

  It's his the pen(錯誤)

  3、I(物主代詞)my you(物主代詞)your he(物主代詞)her we(物主代詞)our

  注:在變物主代詞時(shí),把原題所給的詞加上的,再譯成單詞就可以了。

  二、名詞性物主代詞

  1、名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞一樣有8個(gè):

  Mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、yours、theirs

  我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我們的.、你們的、它(他、她)們的

  2、名詞性物主代詞的特點(diǎn):

  ①譯成漢語(yǔ)都有“的”

  ②后面不加名詞

  ③名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞

  eg:the pen is mine 鋼筆是我的 (mine=my pen)

  三、單數的句子變成復數的句子

  把單數的句子變成復數的句子很簡(jiǎn)單,變法是把能變成復數的詞變成復數,但a或an要去掉。

  特殊疑問(wèn)詞、形容詞、國家及地點(diǎn)通常不變。

  eg:把下列句子變成復數

  1、I have a car.——We have cars.

  2、He is an American boy.——They are American boys.

  3、It's a car.——They are cars.

  4、This is an eraser.——These are erasers.

  5、That is a backpack.——Those are backpacks.

  6、I'm an English teather.——We are English teachers.

  7、It's a new shirt.——They are new shirts.

  8、He's a boy.——They are boys.

  9、She's a singer.——They are singers.

  10、What's this in English?——What are these in English?

  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)3

  一、動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法

  我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟著(zhù)他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。

  單數名詞用is,復數名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)好莫丟棄。還有一條需注意,句首大寫(xiě)莫忘記。

  二、this,that 和 it 的用法。

  ① this 和 that 是指示代詞,it 是人稱(chēng)代詞。

  ②距離說(shuō)話(huà)人近的人或物用 this,距離說(shuō)話(huà)人遠的人或物用 that。

  如:This is a flower.這是一朵花(近處)

  That is a tree.那是一棵樹(shù)(遠處)

  ③放在一起的兩樣東西,先說(shuō)this,后說(shuō)that。

  如:This is a pen.這是一只鋼筆。

  That is a pencil.那是一只鉛筆。

  ④向別人介紹某人時(shí)說(shuō) this is ......不說(shuō) that is ......。

  如:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.這是海倫。海倫,這是湯姆。

  ⑤This is 不能縮寫(xiě),而 That is 可以縮寫(xiě)。

  如:This is a bike.這是一輛自行車(chē)。

  That's a car.那是一輛轎車(chē)。

  ⑥介紹自己,打電話(huà)時(shí)用 this,詢(xún)問(wèn)對方用 that。

  如:Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂!是格林小姐嗎?

  Yes,this is.Who's that? 是的,我是。你是誰(shuí)?

  注意:雖然漢語(yǔ)中使用“我”和“你”,但是英語(yǔ)打電話(huà)種絕對不可以說(shuō):I am......,

  are you......?/Who are you?

  ⑦在回答 this 或 that 作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),要用 it 代替 this 或 that。

  如:Is this a notebook?這是筆記本嗎?

  Yes,it is.是的,它是。

  What's that? 那是什么?

  It's a kite. 是只風(fēng)箏。

  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)4

  1、名詞復數規則

  1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  4.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不規則名詞復數: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

  2、一般現在時(shí)

  1.一般現在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常或習慣性的動(dòng)作,也可表示現在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力。

  2.一般現在時(shí)中,沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數的肯定句,動(dòng)詞要按規則加上s,主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱(chēng)單數的肯定句,動(dòng)詞用原形。

  3.在一般現在時(shí)中,句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。 4.在一般現在時(shí)中,句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加does,句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形;主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱(chēng)單數,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加do,句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。

  動(dòng)詞+s的變化規則

  1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

  2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

  3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

  3、現在進(jìn)行時(shí)

  1.現在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當前一段時(shí)間內的活動(dòng)或現階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

  2.現在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結構為be+動(dòng)詞ing.

  3.現在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。

  4.現在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調到句首。

  動(dòng)詞加ing的'變化規則

  1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

  2.以不發(fā)音的e結尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

  3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

  4、be going to

  1.be going to 表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。

  2.肯定句:be going to +動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞調到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑問(wèn)詞當主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問(wèn)詞+be+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如:Who is going to play football?

  5、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

  1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。

  2.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化:

  ⑴am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)

  ⑵are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)

  ⑶帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調到句首。

  3.句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子

  否定句:didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑問(wèn)句:在句首加did,句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問(wèn)句:

  ⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問(wèn)詞當主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?

  動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規則:

  1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

  2.結尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

  3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節,應雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

  4.以“輔音字母+y”結尾的,變y為i,

  再加-ed,如:study-studied

  5.不規則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)5

  1.人稱(chēng)代詞

  主格: I we you she he it they

  賓格: me us you her him it them

  形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their

  名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs

  2.形容詞和副詞的比較

  (1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er

  older ,taller, longer, stronger

  (2) 多音節詞前+more

  more interesting, etc.

  (3) 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母,再+er

  bigger fatter, etc.

  (4) 把y變i,再+er

  heavier, earlier

  (5) 不規則變化:

  well-better, much/many-more, etc.

  3.可數詞的復數形式

  Most nouns + s abook –books

  Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

  Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

  Nouns ending in o+s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

  Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

  4.不可數名詞(單復數不變)

  bread, rice, water ,juice等。

  5.縮略形式

  I’m= I a, you’re = you are, she’s= she is, he’s = he is

  it’s= it is, who’s =who is, can’t =can not, isn’t=is not等。

  6.a/an

  a book, a peach

  an egg, an hour

  7.Preposition

  on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind.

  表示時(shí)間: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

  on Monday, on 15th July, On National Day

  in the evening, in December, in winter

  8.基數詞和序數詞

  one – first, two-second,twenty-twentieth

  9.some/any

  I have some toys in my bedroom.

  Do you have any brothers or sisters?

  10.be動(dòng)詞

  (1) Basic form: am/are/is

  (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

  My eyes are(not) small.

  My hair is(not) long.

  (3)一般疑問(wèn)句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

  Are they American? Yes, they are. No,they aren’t.

  Is the cat fat? Yes,it is. No, it isn’t.

  11.there be結構

  肯定句:There is a …

  Thereare …

  一般疑問(wèn)句: Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

  Arethere…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

  否定句: There isn’t ….

  Therearen’t….

  12.祈使句

  Sit down please

  Don’tsit down, please.

  13.現在進(jìn)行時(shí)

  通常用“now”.

  形式: be + verb +ing

  eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

  You/We/They are(not) reading.

  He/She/It is(not) eating.

  動(dòng)詞—ing 的形式

  Most verbs +ing walk—walking

  Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

  Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

  14.一般現在時(shí)

  通常用 “usually, often, every day,sometimes”。

  肯定句:

  I go to school on foot every day.

  She goes to school on foot every day.

  一般疑問(wèn)句:

  Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

  Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

  否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays.

  My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

  15.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

  can,must, should后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。

  eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.

  2.You should keep quiet in the library.

  16.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)

  (a) be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式:

  I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

  一般疑問(wèn)句was, were 放在句首。

  (b) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式:

  肯定句: I watched cartoons.

  She visited the zoo.

  一般疑問(wèn)句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

  Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, shedidn’t.

  否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

  He didn’t make model ships last week.

  (3)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化:

  規則動(dòng)詞的變化:

  Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

  Verbs ending in e+d eg liked。

  Verbs ending in aconsonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied

  Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg:stop --stopped

  不規則動(dòng)詞的變化:

  is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew,

  eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等

  17.Wh-"questions"

  What are you doing?

  What colour is it?

  What time is it?/ What’s the time?

  Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?

  Who’sthe man with a big nose?

  Whose bag is it?

  When is your birthday?

  Where is my ball pen?

  Why do you like summer?

  How many books are there in the school bag?

  How old is the young man?

  How much is the toy bear?

  How do you go to school every day?

  1、一般現在時(shí)

  A、表示不受時(shí)限的客觀(guān)存在如:He is a boy. She is a student.

  My mother is anurse. This is a dog. I have a book.

  B、表示現在的習慣動(dòng)作,即指現在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一般現在時(shí)常用來(lái)表示現在時(shí)間里某種動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常性和習慣性。它常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用,

  如:often(經(jīng)常) , usually(通常,一般) , sometimes(有時(shí)) ,

  always(總是,一直) , never(從不)

  如:I often go to school on foot.

  My father works in a school.

  Mike watches TV every day.

  I usually playcomputer games on the weekend.

  C、表示現時(shí)的狀態(tài)和現在瞬間動(dòng)作.如:How are you? You look happy. What’s the matterwith you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.

  ☆注意☆ 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的現在時(shí)與原形同形。但當主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數時(shí),須在詞尾加s 或 -es。例如:I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的動(dòng)詞必須是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母結尾的。如:watches , teaches ,goes , washes

  2、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

  表示在將來(lái)會(huì )發(fā)生的事或動(dòng)作。它常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間連用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year ,this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等

  ☆注意☆ 一般將來(lái)時(shí)小學(xué)階段主要學(xué)了兩種結構:

  ①be going to + 動(dòng)詞的原形 / 地點(diǎn)

  ②will + 動(dòng)詞的原形

  例句: I’m going to go shopping thisafternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky.

  3、現在進(jìn)行時(shí)

  表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

  ☆注意☆它的構成是:be的現在時(shí)形式(am , is , are)加動(dòng)詞的ing形式。

  如:What are you doing? I’m writing a letter. What arethey doing? They’re swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book.

  ☆ 注意☆ 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構成規則:

  ☆ ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

  ② 以e 結尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

  ③ 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming, sitting , getting

  4、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

  主要用來(lái)表示在特定過(guò)去時(shí)間中一次完成的動(dòng)作或一度存在的狀態(tài),也可表示過(guò)去的習慣動(dòng)作。它與現在時(shí)間不發(fā)生關(guān)系,它表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去,現已不復存在。它經(jīng)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用。如:I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TVyesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.

  ☆注意☆ 一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要體現在動(dòng)詞的形式要用過(guò)去式,動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構成規則有:

  A、規則動(dòng)詞

  ① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed ;如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

  ② 以e結尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d ;如 lived, danced , used

  ③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed (此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如 study –studied carry – carried worry – worried (play、stay除外)④ 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped

  B、不規則動(dòng)詞(此類(lèi)詞并無(wú)規則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:

  sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did ,

  go – went , take– took , get – got , read – read , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , tell – told , come – came , drink – drank

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