1. wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句
表示現在不能實(shí)現的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去未能實(shí)現的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)用had + 過(guò)去分詞;表示將來(lái)不太可能實(shí)現的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
I wish I knew the answer to the question.
我真希望知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。
(事實(shí)上不知道)
I wish I had not wasted so much time.
我真希望沒(méi)有浪費這么多時(shí)間。
(事實(shí)是已經(jīng)浪費了)
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
但愿你明天跟我們一起去。
(你去的可能性不大)
2. as if 或as though引導的表語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句
表示與現在事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式;表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,用had +過(guò)去分詞;表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反,用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
She looks as if she were sick.
她看起來(lái)像病了似的。 (其實(shí)沒(méi)病)
He looks as if nothing had happened to him.
他看上去好像什么事都沒(méi)發(fā)生似的。
(事實(shí)是出問(wèn)題了)
He talks about the book as if he had written it.
他說(shuō)起那本書(shū)來(lái)就好像是他寫(xiě)的。
(書(shū)不是他寫(xiě)的)
如果as if / as though引導的從句所表述的內容與事實(shí)相符,應用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如:
It looks as if our team is going to win.
看來(lái)我們隊要贏(yíng)了。
(場(chǎng)上情況表明有可能)
3. if only后的句子
表示現在沒(méi)有實(shí)現的愿望,動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現的愿望,動(dòng)詞用had+過(guò)去分詞；表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的假設,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用would+動(dòng)詞原形，could+動(dòng)詞原形或虛擬語(yǔ)氣過(guò)去時(shí),常譯為“要是……就好了”。如:
If only I could learn English well in one day.
要是能在一天內把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好就好了。
(事實(shí)上做不到)
If only I had not been late for the interview.
要是我面試沒(méi)遲到就好了。(事實(shí)上遲了)
If only Simon would reply to my letter.
要是西蒙能給我回信就好了。
(事實(shí)上不會(huì )回信)
4. would rather后的從句
表示現在的愿望,動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去的愿望,動(dòng)詞用had + 過(guò)去分詞。
I would rather she were not present.
我寧可她不在場(chǎng)。 (事實(shí)是她在場(chǎng))
I would rather he had told me the truth.
我寧可他告訴我事實(shí)真相。
(事實(shí)是他沒(méi)告訴我事實(shí)真相)
5. It is (about / high) time后的定語(yǔ)從句
表示該做某事而沒(méi)做,從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式。
It is time that we went home.
我們該回家了。(實(shí)際沒(méi)走)
It is high time that you went to bed.
你早該睡覺(jué)了。
6. advise， suggest， order， require， command， demand， desire， propose， insist， request等后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should常被省略。
He proposes that we(should) discuss the problem further.
他建議我們進(jìn)一步討論那個(gè)問(wèn)題。